PROSTATE CANCER - HORMONE REFRACTORY DISEASE - OR WITH VISCERAL METASTASES

ALTERNATE NAMES

Jewett Stage D2 Prostate Cancer; Stage D2 Metastatic Prostate Cancer; Hormone Refractory Metastatic Prostate Cancer; Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer

DESCRIPTION

Prostate Cancer – Hormone Refractory Disease occurs when the cancer is recurrent (comes back despite hormonal intervention) or the cancer has spread to the bone or visceral organs (visceral metastases) such as the liver and lungs.

DIAGNOSTIC TESTING, PHYSICAL FINDINGS, AND ICD-9-CM/ICD-10-CM CODING

Diagnostic testing: The diagnosis and staging of prostate cancer requires:

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  Fine needle biopsy of a prostate mass;

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  Digital rectal examination (DRE);

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  Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA) blood test;

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  Transrectal (TRUS) ultrasound;

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  Radionuclide bone scans;

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  Computerized tomography (CT scan);

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  Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI);

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  ProstaScint Scan;

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  Lymph node biopsy; and

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  Laparoscopic biopsy.

Physical findings: People with advanced prostate cancer-hormone refractory disease may present with:

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  Blood in the urine;

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  Impotence;

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  Pain in the hips, back (spine), or chest (ribs);

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  Weakness or numbness in the legs or feet; and

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  Loss of bladder or bowel control.

ICD-9: 185

PROGRESSION

The overwhelming majority of prostate cancers are diagnosed early and have an extremely high long-term survival rate. For those cancers diagnosed after the cancer has spread, the survival rate is much lower.

TREATMENT

The initial anticancer treatment for prostate cancer usually is –hormone therapy (for example, androgen). Refractory disease occurs when prostate cancer no longer responds to hormone therapy (that is, androgen-independent disease). Treatments for hormone refractory prostate cancer includeis chemotherapy, adrenal suppressants,immunotherapy drugs, and external beam radiation therapy (EBRT).

SUGGESTED PROGRAMMATIC ASSESSMENT*

Suggested MER for Evaluation:

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  Clinical history and examination that describes the diagnostic features of the impairment;

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  Pathology report of biopsy findings;

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  Treatment notes indicating antineoplastic therapy; and

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  Surgery or imaging reports that document the spread or recurrence of prostate cancer.

Suggested Listings for Evaluation:

DETERMINATION

LISTING

REMARKS

Meets

13.24 A or B

Listing-level criteria requires prostate cancer to be either: metastatic (Stage IV) to lung, liver, or other internal visceral organ (excluding bone metastases); or progressive or recurrent despite initial hormonal therapy. Prostate Cancer with visceral metastases meets the criteria in listing 13.24 B.

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