TN 21 (10-26)

DI 28010.050 Adjudicator and Medical or Psychological Consultant (MC/PC) Roles in Considering Medical Improvement (MI)

A. Review by the adjudicator

The adjudicator must review the medical and non-medical evidence to determine whether MI has occurred, following the basic procedures outlined in DI 28010.015A.2.

The adjudicator must document pertinent findings including a comparison of signs, symptoms, and laboratory findings between the comparison point decision (CPD) impairment(s) and the signs, symptoms, and laboratory findings for the same impairment(s) at the continuing disability review (CDR).

The adjudicator may document the comparison in the side-by-side comparison section of the disability determination explanation (DDE) or Findings of Facts and Analysis of Evidence (FOFAE) sections of the DDE. It may be useful to use the side-by-side comparison section of the DDE as a tool to help determine whether there is MI. Use the FOFAE section of the DDE to document analysis of the medical and other evidence and show how the evidence leads to the adjudicator's findings of fact about whether there is MI.

 

NOTE: When MI is not material to the determination (i.e., when an impairment(s) meets or equals a current listing or when the flexible approach applies to facilitate a continuance), adjudicators are not required to discuss a comparison of the CPD findings and current findings related to the CPD impairment(s).

For additional information on the flexible approach and consideration of the medical improvement review standard (MIRS) related steps, see DI 28005.005C.3.

B. Review by the MC/PC

1. Referral to the MC/PC

Although the adjudicator determines whether MI has occurred, the MC/PC must review the relevant evidence and the adjudicator's analysis of MI to

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    evaluate changes in symptoms, signs, or laboratory findings in relationship to medical severity, and

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    provide their opinion on the issue of MI.

Consistent with the policy in DI 24501.002A, a disability determination must contain a medical evaluation unless the case does not contain medical evidence or collateral estoppel applies.

Policy requires that the medical evaluation address the impairment(s) on one or more medical forms, see DI 24501.002D.1.

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    The Medical Evaluation (SSA-416-UF) is an assessment form used to evaluate a number of different medical finding scenarios, see DI 24501.006. For CDRs, the SSA-416-UF may only be used to compare symptoms, signs, and laboratory findings where there is no MI, scenarios when the impairment meets or equals a physical (not mental) listing, or if there is no severe physical impairment(s).

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    The Physical Residual Functional Capacity (RFC) (SSA-4734-BK) is an administrative determination of an individual's capacity to perform work-related physical and mental activities despite limitations and restrictions resulting from a medically determinable impairment(s), see DI 24510.001.

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    The Psychiatric Review Technique (PRT) (SSA-2506-BK) is an assessment to evaluate mental impairments in adults under Part A of the Listing of Impairments, see DI 24583.005. For specific CDR instructions on use of the PRT, see DI 28010.140.

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    The Mental Residual Functional Capacity (MRFC) (SSA-4734-F4-SUP) is used in addition to the PRT when MI is demonstrated in the individual's impairment(s) and the individual's impairment(s) is severe but does not meet or equal a current listing, see DI 24510.060. For specific CDR instructions on use of the MRFC, see DI 28010.145.

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    The Childhood Disability Evaluation Form (CDEF or CDE) (SSA-538) is an administrative determination of whether a title XVI child's impairment is severe, meets or medically equals a listing, or does or does not functionally equal the listings, see DI 25230.001.

a. No MI finding

If the MC/PC finds that there is no MI, they will prepare the SSA-416-UF, see details in this section B.2.

NOTE: For CDR cases involving evaluation of a mental impairment(s), a SSA-416-UF or PRT may be used, see DI 28010.140C.2.

b. MI has occurred

If the MC/PC finds that MI has occurred, they continue to the next step in the sequential evaluation process and prepare the appropriate assessment form to address their findings (e.g., an RFC or a PRT and MRFC) see in this section B.2.

For Title II and adult Title XVI individuals, the medical improvement review standard (MIRS) RFC assessment must include a discussion of changes in the signs, symptoms or laboratory findings in the individual's CPD RFC. To determine if MI relates to the ability to work or if the individual's impairment(s) continues to meet or equal the CPD listing, see DI 28015.060 and DI 28015.300. CDR cases may require multiple RFCs, see DI 28015.850.

For Title XVI child CDR cases, the assessment must include a discussion of the changes in signs, symptoms or laboratory findings that support a finding of MI and relevant evaluation of evidence in subsequent steps in the Title XVI child CDR sequential evaluation process, see DI 28005.030C.

c. Evaluation involving physical and mental impairments – MI vs no MI

There may be scenarios involving both physical and mental impairments that were “present” (i.e., “established” per DI 28010.001B.1.) at the CPD, and at CDR, there is medical improvement in one impairment but not the other (e.g., improvement in a physical impairment but no MI in mental impairment).

If physical and mental impairments were established at the CPD and there is medical improvement in only one impairment (e.g., improvement in a mental impairment) at the CDR, a finding of no MI is not supported (unless the flexible approach is supported – see DI 28005.005C). When both physical and mental impairments are involved, there must be no MI in BOTH physical and mental impairments to support a continuance at step 3. The MC and PC must complete their assessments based on the supported findings in medical evidence.

If the medical disposition is no MI, an MC/PC should complete a medical assessment form, see in this section B.2.

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    If no MI is found for both physical and mental impairments, the MC will complete an SSA-416 and the PC will complete an SSA-416 (or PRT).

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    If no MI is found for one impairment, the MC and PC will complete the appropriate assessment(s) form, and the adjudicator will continue with the sequential evaluation process.

    EXAMPLE:

    CPD Information: The CPD allowance involved mental and physical impairments and was continued on the basis of no MI. At CPD, the MC completed an SSA-416 no MI assessment and the PC completed a no MI PRT. The CPD no MI assessment was based on the initial allowance. The initial allowance was completed by an Administrative Law Judge (ALJ) resulting in the inability to perform other work. For physical, the ALJ assessment was an RFC (limiting the individual to standing and walking 4 hours, avoiding unprotected heights), and a PRT/MRFC (indicating moderate limitations in understanding, remembering and applying information and in concentration persistence and pace, mild limitation in interacting with others and in adaptation).

    CDR Information: At the CDR, the PC determines there is MI for mental impairments and the MC determines there is no MI for the physical impairments. The PC completes a PRT and MRFC (indicating mild limitations in understanding, remembering and applying information and in concentration persistence and pace, no limitation in interacting with others and in adaptation), and the MC completes a SSA-416 citing evidence to support no MI, stating that the prior RFC still applies. Noting that the prior RFC still applies is policy compliant per DI 28015.005A. No other assessment needs to be created by the MC because there is no MI in the physical impairments. The adjudicator finds MI at step 3 because of the MI in the mental impairment and continues to Step 4 to evaluate if the MI relates to the ability to work.

d. Scenarios where MI is not material to the determination:

If the MC/PC finds that MI is not material to the determination (i.e., a Title II or adult Title XVI individual meets or equals a current listing, or the flexible approach applies and is used to facilitate a continuance as discussed in DI 28005.005C), they are not required to discuss a comparison of the CPD findings and current findings related to the CPD impairment(s) in their assessment.

A lost folder scenario may also result in the inability to assess MI, see DI 28035.000.

2. MC/PC evaluation of MI

Title II and Adult Title XVI Assessment Forms to Evaluate MI

CDR Finding

Physical Assessment (for MC completion)

Psychological Assessment (for PC completion)

No MI

SSA-416-UF

SSA-416-UF or PRT (SSA-2506-BK)

MI

NOTE: More than one assessment may be necessary, see DI 28005.015A for a detailed discussion of the steps and associated assessment forms at each step.

SSA-416-UF (see below)

or RFC, depending on the basis for the CPD.

If MI is demonstrated at Step 3 and the individual met or medically equaled a listing at the CPD, the MC will use an SSA-416-UF to document if the impairment continues to meet or medically equal the CPD listing in determining if MI relates to the ability to work at Step 4, see DI 28015.050 and DI 28015.055.

If MI is demonstrated at Step 3 and the CPD determination was based on medical-vocational factors using an RFC assessment (see DI 28015.005), the MC will evaluate impairment severity and medical improvement in the RFC(s) in determining if MI relates to the ability to work at Step 4, see DI 28015.300 and DI 28015.850.

PRT (and MRFC if impairment(s) is severe)

If MI is demonstrated at Step 3 of the Title II or adult Title XVI sequential evaluation process, the PC will evaluate impairment severity and medical improvement in the PRT/MRFC to determine if MI is related to the ability to work at Step 4, see DI 28015.005.

 

Title XVI Child Assessment Forms to Evaluate MI

CDR Finding

Assessment for MC/PC Completion

No MI

SSA-416-UF, see DI 28005.030D.

MI, no current severe impairments

SSA-416-UF, see DI 28005.030D.

MI, severe impairments, meets or equals listing

Complete the SSA-416-UF, SSA-538 or CDE, see DI 28005.030D.

MI, severe impairments, domain assessment needed

Complete the SSA-538 or CDE, see DI 25230.001 and DI 28005.030D.1.

 


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DI 28010.050 - Adjudicator and Medical or Psychological Consultant (MC/PC) Roles in Considering Medical Improvement (MI) - 10/05/2026
Batch run: 10/05/2026
Rev:10/05/2026