TN 63 (11-24)

GN 02250.150 Against Equity and Good Conscience

CITATIONS:

Social Security Act §§ 204(b), 1631(b)(1)(B) 20 C.F.R. §§ 404.509, 404.512, 416.554

A. Introduction

This section provides guidance on how we determine that overpayment recovery is against equity and good conscience after an individual has requested a waiver and we have found the individual is not at fault.

B. Policy

Overpayment recovery is against equity and good conscience when:

  • An individual relied on an expected payment after receiving notice that they would receive payments from us or relied on the incorrect payment itself, and their financial position changed for the worse or they relinquished a valuable right (GN 02250.150C); or

  • For Title II, an individual receiving benefits on the same earnings record as the overpaid individual and lived in a separate household at the time of the overpayment and did not receive the money that resulted in an overpayment (refer to GN 02205.016C.9 for Title II); or

  • For Title XVI, a spouse did not receive the money that resulted in an overpayment and was legally separated from the overpaid spouse or lived in a separate household from the overpaid spouse at the time of the overpayment event (refer to SI 02201.030) for Title XVI).

We will deem recovery is against equity and good conscience in these situations:

  • The overpaid individual relied on misinformation from an official source (refer to GN 02250.061); or

  • An individual misunderstood our rules on allowable earnings and reasonably believed earnings prior to the first month of entitlement would be excluded. This applies only for months in which the individual’s earnings from employment did not exceed the total monthly benefits for that month; and does not apply where the individual’s earnings already exceeded the annual limit in the first month of entitlement, refer to GN 02250.025B.6; or

  • An individual reasonably believed that we counted their net earnings (take-home pay) instead of their gross earnings, refer to GN 02250.025B.5; or

  • A beneficiary’s death caused excess earnings, refer to GN 02250.016B.19; or

  • An individual is overpaid because of the family maximum, refer to GN 02250.016.B.15; or

  • We are unable to locate documents or documentation to support an overpayment, refer to GN 02250.011; or

  • We reopened a final determination under the one-year rule based on a change of position (refer to GN 04001.100, SI 04070.010C.2, SI 04070.040C) and issued a revised determination, which resulted in an overpayment; or

  • An adult individual was overpaid as a child and had a representative payee at the time of the overpayment, refer to GN 02250.150E.

C. What does "change of position for the worse" or "relinquish a valuable right" mean?

This information describes when an individual's position changes for the worse or they relinquish a valuable right.

1. What does it mean to change a position for the worse

We will find recovery is against equity and good conscience where the individual changed their position for the worse in reliance on a notice from us that they would receive benefits or in reliance on the benefits they were receiving. The type of benefits or notice of benefits includes:

  • monthly benefits or payments; or

  • a lump sum payment; or

  • a notice of statutory benefit continuation (SBC) payments.

An individual is in a worse position if they are in a more vulnerable financial position than they would have been had they never received the benefits or a notice of benefits, which have stopped or been reduced.  In considering whether the individual is in a worse position now because their benefits have stopped or have been reduced, we will consider whether they are receiving less benefits or no benefits because of a change in eligibility or entitlement or because we are withholding benefits to recover the overpayment.

For situations when we will consider a change of position for the worse, refer to GN 02250.150F in this section.

NOTE: We will not find an individual in a worse position merely because the individual spent the overpaid money and must now repay the overpayment.   However, if an individual, who is not at fault, already spent the overpaid money and is unable to afford repayment of the overpayment, we will determine whether we can waive recovery under the deemed to defeat the purpose or defeats the purpose provisions, refer to GN 02250.110 and GN 02250.100.

2. Situations when we will not consider a change of position for the worse

We do not consider a change of position for the worse in situations that include but are not limited to:

  • The individual will not be able to continue their “pay-as-you-go membership” at a fitness club or gym because the individual is not financially obligated to continue making payments.

  • The individual will not be able to continue ordering clothing and household goods from an online retailer.

  • The individual made a non-refundable deposit on an expensive vacation. Even though the individual cannot now afford to go on vacation, the individual is not in a worse financial position because they would not have been able to go on vacation even if they did not receive the incorrect payments. Additionally, the individual will not experience negative financial repercussions, like a negative credit score, if they do not pay the remaining balance.

  • If an adult who lives with their parents can no longer contribute to the household bills, they are not in a worse financial position since they still live at home.

Even though an individual in situations like these can no longer enjoy certain benefits, they are not now in a worse financial position due to the receipt of the overpaid money.  If, however, the individual cannot afford to repay the overpayment, we will determine whether to waive recovery under the defeat the purpose provision. Refer to GN 02250.100.

3. What it means to relinquish a valuable right

An individual has relinquished a valuable right if they have given up a valuable privilege, claim, entitlement, or benefit having monetary worth because they relied on a notice that we would pay benefits or because they relied on the actual benefit payment.  For situations where an individual has relinquished a valuable right, refer to GN 02250.150G.

D. Adult individual overpaid as a minor child with a representative payee

If we overpaid a minor child who is now an adult and the individual had a representative payee at the time of the overpayment, we will find they are not at fault (refer to GN 02250.016B.7). We will deem recovery is against equity and good conscience.

NOTE: The waiver would apply only to the overpayment balance remaining once the individual attained age 18.

E. Situations - changed position for the worse

These are examples of situations when an individual may be in a worse position because of their reliance on the notice of or receipt of benefits, which we stopped or reduced.

  • Increased housing costs: An individual might have moved to a more expensive residence or signed a lease based on the assumption of receiving benefits. Due to the individual no longer receiving benefits, the loss of the benefits could make it difficult to cover the higher housing costs, putting them in a worse financial position.

  • Increased debt: If an individual accumulated debt, such as student loans, based on the expectation of ongoing benefits, the cessation of those benefits could lead to an inability to repay those debts, resulting in financial hardship.

  • Long-term contract: An individual may have entered into a long-term contract or commitment (e.g., vehicle lease agreement or service contract) based on the assumption of continued benefits, which could result in financial difficulty if the benefits are later reduced or stopped.

  • Reduced income: An individual may have reduced their work hours or stopped working because they were relying on Social Security benefits for their income. When benefits stop, they might be in a worse financial position due to the lost income and potentially having less earning potential as a result of their reduced work.

  • Education and training: An An individual may have enrolled in school or training that requires tuition based on the expectation of ongoing benefits.  The cessation of those benefits could lead to an inability to continue payments or could lead to increased educational expenses or missed work opportunities.

F. Situations - relinquish a valuable right

These are examples of situations where we may find an individual relinquished a valuable right in reliance on the notice of an award of benefits or in reliance on the receipt of benefits.

  • Missed an opportunity: An individual missed an opportunity they would have received if their benefit amount were lower or if they were not receiving benefits.

  • Turned down assistance: An individual declines or does not take advantage of other forms of financial assistance (like public assistance or community aid) because they expect to receive benefits to support themselves. We may find the individual relinquished their right to that additional support.  Public assistance could include lodging in a homeless shelter.

  • Assistance denied: An individual is denied another form of financial assistance because the individual is receiving or is expected to receive SSA benefits.  We may find the individual relinquished their right to that additional support.

  • Changed employment: An individual leaves a job or reduces their working hours based on the expectation of SSA benefits providing necessary income.  We may find that they have given up stable employment income if they cannot return to a similar level of employment.

G. Estate or distributee requests waiver

If an estate requests a waiver and we determine that the deceased overpaid individual was not at fault for the overpayment, we will find recovery from the estate is against equity and good conscience if the deceased overpaid individual meets the criteria for against equity and good conscience.  If a distributee requests a waiver and we determine that the distributee is not at fault for the overpayment, we will find recovery from the distributee is against equity and good conscience if the distributee meets the criteria for against equity and good conscience.

For more information on evaluating fault when an estate or distributee requests waiver, refer to GN 02250.005.

For more information on closed estates, refer to GN 02215.070.  For more information on general recovery from an estate or distributee, refer to GN 02215.050, 02215.055, 02215.070.

H. Examples of an adult individual overpaid as a minor child

Example 1:

Noah received SSI as a child. We determined that Noah was overpaid $3,000 due to deemed resources when they were still a child.  At that time, we notified Noah and Noah’s representative payee of the overpayment.  We recovered a portion of the overpayment by payment adjustment until Noah’s benefits ceased at age 18.  At age 19, Noah requested a waiver of the entire original overpayment.  We presume Noah is not at fault because Noah was a child and had a representative payee at the time of the overpayment and there was no evidence of fault.  We deem recovery of the remaining amount at the time that Noah turned 18 years old, as against equity and good conscience because Noah was a child with a representative payee when they were overpaid. We will waive only the portion of the outstanding overpayment while Noah was an adult.  We will not waive the overpayment amount that was recovered when Noah was a child as against equity and good conscience.

Example 2:

Keisha received child’s benefits. We determined that they were overpaid $4,000 at age 13 due to their parent’s wages. We notified Keisha and the representative payee of the overpayment.  Keisha is now an adult and receives benefits on the same record as a DAC. Keisha requested a waiver.  We presume that Keisha is not at fault because Keisha was a minor child and had a representative payee at the time of the overpayment. We deem recovery is against equity and good conscience under this provision because Keisha is now an adult. We will waive only the portion of the outstanding overpayment while Keisha was an adult.  We will not waive the overpayment amount that was recovered when Keisha was a child as against equity and good conscience.


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http://policy.ssa.gov/poms.nsf/lnx/0202250150
GN 02250.150 - Against Equity and Good Conscience - 11/22/2024
Batch run: 11/22/2024
Rev:11/22/2024